– de Salvatore Serra –
Istoricamente s’Islanda est semper istada una terra isulada e linguisticamente omogènea. Semper e cando, su territòriu suo at istrangiadu prus de una limba. Su gaèlicu est istadu sa limba materna de medas de sos primos islandesos, ma pustis at bintu s’islandesu, un’idioma indoeuropeu chi faghet parte de su grupu nòrdicu de sas limbas germànicas. Sas rutas cummertziales, in prus, nch’ant giutu su tedescu, s’inglesu, s’olandesu, su frantzesu e su bascu. Mercantes e funtzionàrios si sunt istabilidos in Islanda in sos sèculos, lassende s’ormina issoro in sa cultura e, linguisticamente, tèrmines cummertziales, nàuticos e religiosos. A parte custas e unas cantas paràulas latinas, s’islandesu at cambiadu pagu dae sos insediamentos iscandinavos de su sèculu IX, ca sos residentes sunt semper abbarrados a contu issoro.
S’islandesu no est petzi sa limba natzionale, ma est como “sa limba ufitziale de Islanda” pro more de sa Lege N. 61/2011, adotada dae su Parlamentu in su 2011. Finas sa limba islandesa de sos sinnos est istada reconnota in manera ufitziale dae sa lege de su 2011 comente limba de minoria cun deretos costitutzionales, e comente prima limba de sa comunidade islandesa de sas pessones surdas. In su tempus de su guvernu danesu, s’idioma danesu fiat una limba de minoria in Islanda, ma como lu faeddant petzi pagos immigrados.
S’istùdiu de s’ inglesu e de su danesu (o de un’àtera limba iscandinava) est obligatòriu pro sos istudentes in s’iscola de s’òbligu, e faghet finas parte de sos programas de istùdiu de iscolas segundàrias medas; duncas sa connoschèntzia de custos duos idiomas est difusa meda. Àteras limbas istràngias istudiadas meda sunt su tedescu, s’ ispagnolu e su frantzesu.
TESTU IN LIMBA INGLESA:
Iceland has been a very isolated and linguistically homogeneous island historically, but has nevertheless been home to several languages. Gaelic was native to many of the early Icelanders, the Icelandic or Norse language however prevailing, northern trade routes brought German, English, Dutch, French and Basque. Some merchants and clergymen settled in Iceland throughout the centuries, leaving their mark on culture, but linguistically mainly trade, nautical or religious terms. Excluding these and Latin words, Icelandic has altered remarkably little since settlement, the island’s residents living in seclusion.
Icelandic is not only the national language, but is now “the official language in Iceland” by virtue of Act No 61/2011, adopted by parliament in 2011. Icelandic Sign Language was also officially recognised by law in 2011 as a minority language with constitutional rights and the first language of the Icelandic deaf community. During the time of Danish rule, Danish was a minority language in Iceland, although it is nowadays only spoken by a small number of immigrants.
Studying English and Danish (or another Scandinavian language) is mandatory for students in compulsory schools and also part of many secondary-level study programmes, so knowledge of the two languages is widespread. Other foreign languages frequently studied include German, Spanish and French.
Temporary visitors and residents often make up a large portion of the population, especially in the capital Reykjavík.
Ligàmene: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Iceland
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